Nesselrode, Karl Robert (Karl Smith)

(1780 - 1862). Nesselrode's father, Wilhelm-Karl Nesselrode served in Austria, Holland, France, Prussia, and finally, in Russia, was the Russian envoy in Lisbon. His mother was born Jewish, Protestant. Nesselrode himself was a Protestant and the end of life did not learn to properly speak in Russian. He studied at the Berlin High School, served in the navy, then in the army. After the death of Emperor Paul began his diplomatic career. In Germany, he made friends with Metternich, whom he regarded as a brilliant diplomat, his advice - always salutary. Metternich was a good mood to enjoy his pupil. The basic idea of all future policies Nesselrode was a close alliance with Austria. A note on the political situation in Russia (1856; cm. "Russian Archive", 1872,? 1) Nesselrode defined his policy as an anti-monarchical and. Inspired by the Holy Alliance, . He was hostile to every free quest, . in Europe, . and in Russia, he found, . that serfdom was equally a beneficial both for landlords, . and for farmers, . and shortly before the liberation of the peasants expressed concern Nesselrode Miliutin, . as if reform does not destroy the warehouse patriarchal Russian way of life (see,
. letter to Nesselrode Miliutin in the "Russian Antiquities" 1873,? 6). In the same era of striving for liberation, he insisted in a special note on increasing censorship severities. In an earlier era, even Earl Capodistria seemed to him doctrinaire liberal, dangerous, as Minister for Foreign Affairs. The Greek revolt aroused in him, as in Metternich, only hostility. In 1807, Mr.. Nesselrode was sent to Tilsit, to the Russian Commissioners Lobanovy and Kurakin, and then sent to an advisor of the Embassy in Paris, where he again met with Metternich. To a large extent under the influence of his dispatches, which amounted to Nesselrode, the Russian ambassador Tolstoy, breathe hatred for France. In 1810, when Russia's relations with France began to deteriorate, Nesselrode, at their own request, was recalled to St. Petersburg. Here the French have much sympathy for weak, so Nesselrode was adopted by the Emperor Alexander a very kindly, and granted the Secretary of State. In 1812, Mr.. his position at court was strengthened by marriage to the daughter of the Minister of Finance, Gurieva. After the victory over Napoleon in Russia, Nesselrode, contrary to the opinion Kutuzov, spoke in favor of shifting the war within Germany and for the final overthrow of French power. Since 1812. to 1815 g. it was kept under the emperor, and was an influential member of the Congress of Vienna. The discovery of the secret treaty between Austria and France against Russia, a little shake his position. In 1816, Mr.. He was appointed manager of foreign counterparts, but at the same time with him, as if in opposition to it, the Count Capodistria entrusted with foreign affairs. Thus, it was as if the two Foreign Minister, whose views on the tasks of Russian foreign policy far apart. The emperor served as the supreme conciliator and mediator between them, are much more inclined to the side Nesselrode, who accompanied him to the congress in Aachen, Troppau, Laibach and Verona. In 1822, Mr.. Capodistria got indefinite leave of absence, and Nesselrode became the only Minister of Foreign Affairs. Politics it still was a rapprochement with Austria. In 1849, Mr.. Nesselrode contributed to Russia's interference in Austrian affairs, in order to subdue the Hungarian uprising. Responsibility for the Crimean War is largely falls on Nesselrode. In 1844, Mr.. Nesselrode was made chancellor of the state, in 1856. dismissed from the management of the Ministry. - See. N. "Autobiographie" (P., . 1866, . and Russian translation in Russian Messenger, . 1865, . 10); "Correspondance diplomatique du C-te Pozzo di Borgo te du C-te de N 1814 - 1818 (2 vols., . AP, . 1890 - 97); "Lettres et papiers du chancelier c-te de N." (8 vols., . AP, . 1904 - 08), C,
. Tatishchev Foreign Policy of Emperor Nicholas I "(St. Petersburg, 1887); his" Out of the Past Russian diplomacy "(1890); C. Soloviev "Emperor Alexander I" (St. Petersburg, 1877), Art. MA. Polievktova in the Russian Biographical Dictionary.