Nicholas II

eldest son of Emperor Alexander III and Empress Maria Feodorovna. Born May 6, 1868, Mr.. in Tsarskoe Selo. In 1877, Mr.. The management training near his studies were entrusted to General i.i. Danilovich. Training sessions were distributed to 12 years; the first 8 years were devoted to subjects of upper secondary school course, and the last four years have been designed for the higher rate of Sciences. The complexity of the program led to the need to continue training for another year. Course of Higher Sciences was directed to study in sufficient detail of military affairs and thorough acquaintance with the major origins of legal and economic sciences. Teachers Tsarevich on the second unit higher rate were: I.L. Yanishev (canon law, in connection with the history of the church and the history of religions), N.H. Bunge (statistics, political economy and finance law), Kn. Pobedonostsev (Encyclopedia jurisprudence, government, civil and criminal law), MN. Kapustin (international law), E.E. Zamyslovsky (political history), NN. Beketov (Chemistry). The teachers of the Division of Military Sciences consisting of: NN. Obruchev (military statistics), MI. Dragomirov (combat training), GA. Leer (strategy and military history), N.A. Demyanenko (artillery), P.L. Lobko (military government), O.E. Stubendorf (geodesy and topography), P.K. Gudima-Levkovich (tactics), TS.A. Cui (fortification), AK. Puzyrevsky (history of military art), VG. Basargin and NN. Lohmen (Naval Science). For the assimilation of military service and familiarization with military way of life, . Tsarevich held two annual camps in the ranks of the Life Guards Regiment, . Two summers spent cavalry service in the Life-Guards Hussar Regiment of His Majesty, . one camp to collect in the ranks of the Guard artillery and to accession to the throne in command, . colonel, . the first battalion of the Life Guards regiment of the Transfiguration,
. For practical acquaintance with the civil administration Tsarevich since May 6, 1889. participated in sessions of the State Council and the Committee of Ministers. For a discussion of the various regions of Russia Tsarevich was accompanied by his August parents in many of his trips to Russia. In October 1890. Tsarevich undertook a trip to the Far East, right, via Vienna, Trieste, Greece and Egypt, India, China and Japan. In the way he practically acquainted with the difficulties of naval affairs. In Japan, the Tsarevich visited Mr.. Otsu, where the April 23, 1891, Mr.. fanatic, who was among the police, made an attempt on the life of His Highness had caused him a sword blow to the head, fortunately, the wound was non-hazardous. Way back Tsarevich made by land, through Siberia, beginning the implementation of the Great Siberian railway track. In early August the same year Tsarevich successfully completed his journey, which lasted more than 9 months, it has been described by Prince E.E. Ukhtomskiy. In 1891 - 92 years. Tsarevich chaired a special committee to assist the people of provinces affected by crop failure. In 1892, Mr.. Tsarevich was called to the presidency in the Siberian railway, which has reserved and accession to the throne. In April, 1894. Tsarevich became engaged to Princess Alice of Hesse (cm. Alexandra Feodorovna, I, 854). Vysokonarechennaya The bride arrived in Russia for ten days before the death of Emperor Alexander III
. Manifesto on the accession to the throne of the Emperor Nicholas Alexandrovich (20 October 1894) announced the intention of His Majesty's "always have a common goal of peace prosperity, . power and the glory roads of Russia and ordering of the happiness of all his loyal subjects ",
. In a circular note, . sent out to representatives of Russia with foreign courts 28 October 1894, . stated, . that His Majesty "to devote all of their concerns development of the domestic welfare in Russia and in no way depart from the very peace-loving, . solid and straightforward policy, . so powerfully to promote universal pacification ", . with Russia "will continue to see in the respect of law and legal order are the best guarantee of security",
. November 14, 1894, Mr.. wedding took place on the Emperor, marked by Sir manifesto. Children of the Emperor of the marriage: Tsarevich, . Grand Duke Alexei Nikolaevich (born July 30, 1904) and the Grand Duchess Olga (born November 3, 1895), . Tatiana (born May 29, 1897), . Maria (born June 14, 1899), . Anastasia (born June 5, 1901) Nikolaevna,
. - May 14, 1896. held sacred Coronation of the Emperor and Empress. This event was marked by Gracious Manifesto. Shortly after the coronation of Their Majesties have made two trips to Europe. During the second of these visits was a visit by the Emperor and Empress of France. This "Russian Week" in France (from 5 to 10 October 1896) cemented the bonds of the Franco-Russian friendship, which started under Alexander III. Peace-loving policy of Russia was most vividly expressed in the initiative of the Emperor to convene a peace conference (the circular note of the Minister of Foreign Affairs on 12 August 1898; cm. Hague Conference, XII, 278 et seq.). Events in the Far East resulted in the 1900 - 1901 he. participation of Russia in taming the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1904 - 1905 he. - To the war with Japan. December 12, 1904, Mr.. place Imperial decree on predestination to improve public order. Among the acts issued in pursuance of this decree, is the most important decree April 17, 1905, Mr.. of tolerance (cm. Toleration, XII, and 195 et seq.). Work on the reconstruction of higher state statutes that occurred after the publication of the manifesto on Oct. 17, 1905, in meetings under the chairmanship of His Majesty's personal, ended April 23, 1906, Mr.. publication of new fundamental state laws. April 27 followed by the opening of the Winter Palace of the Emperor of new legislative statutes. In August 1912. held with the participation of Families Most August, the festivities and celebrations of the centennial of World War II. With special solemnity Russia celebrated on Feb. 21, 1913, Mr.. tercentenary of the Romanov dynasty. This day was marked by a manifesto and an imperial decree to grant favors to the population.
In the field of external relations developments 1913. in the Balkans led the Emperor to turn to the Bulgarian king and the king Srpska to remain faithful to its commitments. During the negotiations that preceded the current war, the Emperor was invited to submit the Austro-Serbian question to the Hague Conference. When Germany had declared war on Russia, . Emperor Emperor, . not recognizing the possible, . for reasons of state character, . be at the same time the head of the land and naval forces, . intended for military action, . commanded the Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich be Commander in Chief,
. At the same time were convened the State Council and State Duma, classes were opened on July 26 reception at the Winter Palace of the State Council and State Duma,. Since the beginning of the mobilization was forbidden in Russia, selling liquor. August 22, 1914, Mr.. The Emperor commanded the resurrection of the sale of alcohol, wine and beverages to continue until the end of the war. Chaired by Empress Alexandra Feodorovna was formed, under the decree of 11 August 1914, the Supreme Council for the consolidation of the activities of the charity to families of persons called up for war, as well as the families of wounded and fallen soldiers. Same number formed a special committee of Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna to provide charitable assistance to the families of those called up for war. Sept. 14 approved by the Committee of Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna to provide temporary assistance to victims of the scourge of war. Since the beginning of the war the Emperor had repeatedly traveled to the army (a description of these travels, compiled by Major General Dubensky, published by the Ministry of the Imperial Court, to December, 1915. came three issues), August 23, 1915. The Emperor personally took over predvoditelstvovanie all the land and naval forces, which the theater of military operations. October 25 the Emperor, according to the request of the St. George's South-Western Front, was pleased to assume the Order of St. George's 4-th degree. The events of the reign of the Emperor will be described in detail in the article "Russia" (history).