BOGDANOV Alexander

(1873-1928)
Real name - Malinowski. Born 10 (22) August 1873 in g.Sokolka Grodno province in the teacher's family. In 1892 he entered the natural separation of physical and mathematical faculty of Moscow University. In 1894, he participated in student riots, was arrested and sent into exile. His political activity began as a populist, who later moved to the social-democratic position. In 1899 he graduated from the Medical Faculty of Kharkov University (specialty in psychiatry). Then he saw the light of his first philosophical work The main elements of the historical view of nature (1899). In 1904 came a collection of philosophical essays realistic outlook edited Bogdanov. By the Bolshevik wing of Russia's Social-Democratic Party he joined in 1903. He was a member of the Central Committee, was a member of the Social-Democratic group II of the State Duma. Passion Bogdanova energetism empiriocriticism Ostwald and Ernst Mach provoked sharp criticism of Lenin in Materialism and Empiric. In 1909, Bogdanov was expelled from the party. In 1914-1917 Bogdanov - a military doctor at the front. After the October revolution - one of the leaders Proletkult, actively engaged in research work. Since 1926 - Director of the Institute of Blood Transfusion.
The basis of his philosophical generalizations Bogdanov always believed the teachings of Marx, especially 'social materialism'. At the same time, he was convinced that in the modern natural sciences are born new philosophical ideas, carrying a materialist philosophy to a new level. Such ideas Bogdanov saw in the concepts of Mach and Avenarius. In his own theory of 'empiriomonism' he sought to even more radical (than in the Empiric) to overcome the mental and physical. Bogdanov proposed to abandon the ontological (of substance), contrasting these processes and to make 'major issue' philosophy of identifying and distinguishing characteristics of their organizational. Physical in 'empirio' interpretation serves as a collective, 'socially organized experience' and mental - as a purely individual experience, personal. Marxism, according to Bogdanov, retains absolute methodological significance, being the most fundamental theory of the social nature of cognition. Retains its value and the Marxist idea of a proletarian revolution: 'collectivist' nature of the universe in full compliance with it is collectivism psychology and ideology of the proletariat. Accordingly - 'individualistic' bourgeois ideology in a historical perspective is an anachronism. The most complete Bogdanov's philosophy 'organizational forms' presented in his work Tectology: Universal organizational science. The reality was seen as a thinker, a set of systems of different levels of organization, are in constant development and interaction.

Died Bogdanov in Moscow on April 7, 1928.