BART Karl (Barth Karl)

(1886-1968)
Born May 10, 1886 in Basel in the family Reformed pastor and professor of church history. He studied at the universities of Bern, Berlin, Tц?bingen and Marburg, has been influenced by neo-and theologian William Herman. In 1909 he became assistant pastor of the Reformed community in Geneva, and in 1911 - a pastor in Safenwil. In 1919 he wrote the book of Romans (Der Rmerbrief, 2-I, completely revised edition, 1922), commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, the Apostle Paul. In the 20-ies around a circle of young Bart theologians, this trend has been called 'dialectical theology' (other names: the theology of crisis, neoortodoksiya). In 1921 he became a visiting professor at GцІttingen, in 1925 - full professor of Dogmatics and New Testament exegesis at the University of Mц?nster, and then - a professor of systematic theology at the University of Bonn. In 1934 he lost his chair because of his refusal to take the oath of allegiance to Hitler, mandatory for public servants. In the same year, Bart was involved in the creation of a so-called. Confessing Church (Bekennende Kirche). It includes those members of the Evangelical Churches of Germany, which have not adopted the Nazi regime. At the first synod of the church (in Barmen, . near Wuppertal) Bart has prepared a draft declaration theological, . which confirmed the incompatibility of faith in Jesus Christ, . God's Word and head of the church, . with the subordination of earthly leaders, . that seek to limit freedom of the church and become involved in matters of faith,
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In 1935, Barth returned to Switzerland, where he became professor of theology, University of Basel. In 1956 he retired to rest.

Reared in the traditions of German liberal theology, Barth came to the conclusion that his idea of God and the human situation in the world are absolutely useless and do not meet the real needs of parishioners. Bart read the Scriptures, . as well as the works of the reformers (especially Luther) without bias, . due to theological education, . and concluded, . that God is beyond human understanding and reveals itself regardless of what man,
. Man itself is not only separated from God, but in his disobedience hostile to. Thus, . religious experience and ethics, . based only on knowledge of man about God, . are not only wrong, . but misleading cover for an unwillingness to accept God as man, . what it is and how he reveals himself in Jesus Christ,
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On this basis, Bart has developed a radical approach hristotsentrichesky. In his seminal work remains unfinished Church dogma (Kirchliche Dogmatik, 12 volumes, 1932-1967), he reconstructs from this point of view of the whole field of theology. Creation of the world, fall of man, the history of Israel, the New Testament - all interpreted through the prism of Bart 'Christ event'. Among other works of Bart - Word of God and theology (Das Wort Gottes und die Theologie, 1924), Protestant theology in the 19 century (Die Protestantische Theologie im 19.Jahrhundert, 1947). Barth died in Basel on 10 December 1968.