GINA Muhammad Ali (Jinnah Mohammed Ali)

(1876-1948), born December 25, 1876 in Karachi. Jinnah's father was a prosperous merchant who moved to the city of Rajkot Principality zapadnoindiyskogo. After studying in Karachi and then in Bombay, Jinnah subsequently studied law in England in 'Lincoln's Inn'. He served as a judge in Bombay, then took up the practice of law.
Jinnah's political career began in 1906, when he became the personal secretary Dadabhaya Naorodzhi, President of the Indian National Congress (INC). In 1913, Jinnah joined the Muslim League, created to protect the interests of Muslims. In 1916 he was elected president. In 1919 he became the representative of Bombay Muslims in the Imperial Legislative Council. However, in the same year, the Government enacted laws Rouletta against the national liberation movement, and Jinnah in protest resigned from the Board.

In 1920, Congress launched the country's campaign of civil disobedience. Jinnah was strongly against the move and refused membership in the INC. Continuing to believe in the possibility of Hindu-Muslim alliance, Jinnah during his second and third term as president of the League has made great efforts to achieve its goal. Between Congress and the League there were deep divisions, exacerbated by personal hostility Jinnah and Mahatma Gandhi. Particularly sharply, these contradictions appeared in 1930 at the Conference 'round table'. Disappointed with the ability to reach an agreement, Jinnah four years away from political activities and went to England, where he studied jurisprudence. In 1934 he returned to India to preside at a meeting of Muslim League, and decided to stay at home and defend the interests of the supporters of Islam.

Government of India Act 1935 significantly expanded the rights of Indian ministers, which exacerbated the differences between the two leading religions. Muslims living in the provinces, dominated the Indians, believed that their rights are infringed. It is difficult to say how valid are these claims, but they reflected the mood of the majority of Muslims who believed that no law or other guarantees will not protect them in a united India where Hindus would be most explicit in.

In March 1940 Jinnah led the Muslim League meetings in Lahore, which was demanded of the partition of India and the creation of the state of Pakistan, where Muslims constitute the bulk of the population. During three decades of his political activities Jinnah believed in the possibility of Hindu-Muslim unity and finally came to the conclusion that the section of the country - the only way out of this situation.

By embarking on this point, Jinnah never will not back down, and the partition of India became inevitable prospect because of his uncompromising stance during the debate on the future European Constitution in 1942, 1945 and 1946. During these years, Ginny began to call Quaid-e-Azam, 'Great Leader', he gained an unquestioned authority in the Muslim League. When August 14, 1947 was formed in Pakistan, Jinnah, was promoted to his governor-general, and 1-e Constituent Assembly officially conferred upon him the title Quaid-e-Azam. Jinnah died in Karachi on September 11, 1948.