SHELLI Percy Bish (Shelley Percy Bysshe)

(1792-1822)
Born August 4, 1792 at Field Place (Sussex County), was the eldest of seven children of a wealthy landowner T. Shelley, later elevated to the baronet. After a relatively cloudless early childhood, the boy went to school Saillon House near London (1802-1804) and Eaton (1804-1810), in October 1810 entered the University College, Oxford University. University libertines partly rewarded him for his dismal school years. He avidly read, keenly interested in logic, ethics, metaphysics and critique of Christianity and brought friendship with T.Dzh.Hoggom (1792-1862), which shared many of his hobbies, though inferior in sharpness of mind. In early 1811 they released the anonymous pamphlet entitled Necessity of Atheism (The Necessity of Atheism), which argued that the existence of God can not be justified rationally. As a young man expelled March 25, 1811 for stubbornly refusing to either acknowledge his authorship, or abandon it.
Leaving his father's roof, Shelley got rid of parental care. Between father and son did not meet expectations arose tiff. Shelley aggravated her, to flee in late August with odnokashnitsey sisters Harriet Westbrook (soon he will marry her in Edinburgh). He traveled to Scotland, England, Ireland and Wales, never pausing for a long time, still a lot of reading and the thought of impending liberation of humanity one by one, published a brochure. Like the early works, Shelley's prose of this period was very weak, moreover, had a political and anti-religious nature. In 1812, Shelley became acquainted with the author of studies on political justice and philosopher William Godwin Dzh.F.Nyutonom, . prepared the distant from the canonical theory of religion and morality, and each had an enormous influence on the attitudes of Shelley and to some extent in all his future life,
. The first significant work was published by Shelley in 1813, anonymous poem Queen Mab (Queen Mab), the optimistic deterministic treatise in verse, describing in sufficient detail its views on the cause of social ills and ways to overcome them.

Harriet gave birth to a daughter Iantu, but family life do not communicate. Meeting of the poet in July 1814 with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, daughter of his revered mentor in philosophy, has led to the final collapse of the family. In late July, the lovers went to France and from there to Switzerland. As a result of preterm delivery in December at the Harriet Shelley had a son, Charles. Three months later, and Mary gave birth to their first child (he died in infancy). In early 1816 she had a son William, and ended the year by suicide, Harriet, and then literally in the same day, December 30, Shelley and Mary were married.

During these years, Shelley has created four outstanding works - two poems and two poems. Poems written in the summer of 1816, when Shelley and Mary stayed with Byron in Switzerland - an abstract philosophical anthem Intellectual Beauty Mont Blanc and pantheistic. Poem Alastor, . or The Spirit of Solitude (Alastor; or The Spirit of Solitude), . written in 1815 white sonorous verse, . full of echoes of the poetry of William Wordsworth and develops the characteristic of the Romantic theme futile aspirations of the young philosopher to reunite with ghostly perfect maid,
. Tsitna and Laon (Laon and Cythna, 1817), later renamed the Rise of Islam (The Revolt of Islam), - written in Spenserian stanza poem about a great pair of love that defies social institutions and political tyranny.

The last year of life in England, Shelley was ill, struggling with poverty and remained depressed. In March, the court refused to give him children Harriet foster. He helped Mary write Frankenstein (1818), adopted under its shelter and care of her sister, Claire Clairmont, Byron, from birth to natural daughter, and with the birth of his daughter Clara in October for the fifth time became the father.

The long-awaited departure for Italy in the spring of 1818 did not change their nomadic way of life. Hardly between Milan and Naples there is a big city or a seaside resort, where a family of Shelley did not stop for the last four tumultuous years of his life. Clara died in Venice, Naples Shelley adopted by a baby Helen - she spent five months in Rome, died, William, Florence, Mary gave birth to a fourth child, Percy, and finally the Pisa family lived in relative peace blshuyu of 1820-1822.

It affects the productivity of Shelley in the last two years of his life. In addition to eight dozen beautiful lyrical poems, and a fair amount of translation, he created a dozen very large and complex works of poetry and won well-deserved fame a treatise Protection of poetry (A Defence of Poetry, 1821). Exempt Prometheus (Prometheus Unbound, 1818-1819), lyrical chamber drama with great songs, choruses, mostly based on the plot of Aeschylus, which Shelley radically remade by changing the incentives that drive heroes. Under the pen of Shelley's classic tragedy was transformed into typical romantic drama of crime and punishment, repentance and spiritual resurrection, in the study of the very possibility of moral redemption. Cenci (The Cenci, . 1819), . five-act, . in the manner of Shakespeare, . drama in the white verses on the subject of the history of Rome's Renaissance, . clearly reveals the concept of tragedy in Shelley: an attempt to save the soul with the continued pressure from the decomposed society inevitably cripples people morally - with the exception of 'a few souls of the saints',
. Of the two verse satires Peter Bell the Third - Wordsworth's angry denunciation of treason freethinking, . Oedipus Rex, . or Tyrant-Tolstonogov (Oedipus Tyrannus, . or Swellfoot the Tyrant, . 1820) - 'Aristophanes' comedy on the scandalous gap of King George IV and Queen Caroline,
. Shelley also wrote a political allegory, homily Mask of Anarchy (The Masque of Anarchy, . 1819), . mythological poem Atlas Witch (The Witch of Atlas, . 1820), . elegy on the death of John Keats Adonais (Adonais, . 1821), . lyrical drama Hellas (Hellas, . 1821), . glorifying the Greek revolt against Turkish rule, . and the remainder of the unfinished The Triumph of Life (The Triumph of Life, . 1822), . where he attempted to present a kind of spiritual history of Western civilization,
. Form 'vision', some of the motifs and images borrowed from Dante's poem, and the system of versification suggests that Shelley mastered the skill of terza rima.

Peculiar religious principles Shelley coincided with the Christian, at least in one thing: the spiritual center of the universe to him was a divine love. He tried to find her artistic expression, . first in the guise of the Virgin under the veil of Alastor, . then in the intellectual and Beauty - the highest for him at the time of its personification - in the form of Asia, . Brides chained titanium (Exempt Prometheus),
. Divine love is seen as unifying three of the most remarkable examples of his poetry 1819-1820 - Ode to the West wind, clouds, to lark. Sorceress of Atlas witches and Emilia Epipsihidiona (Epipsychidion, 1821) appear symbolic images of the divine power. Finally, in the triumph of the life of Shelley, trying to explain the origins of the divine in human history, returns to the original - Intelligent Beauty.

July 8, 1822 Shelley, his friend, Lieutenant E. E. Williams and C. Vivian sailor sailed from Livorno on a new sailboat Shelley's 'Don Giovanni' for a walk along the coast. In the afternoon a storm blew up, about ten miles from Viareggio felucca from Livorno, apparently ran the boat and sank it. Who were in the boat were drowned, their bodies badly mutilated after some time washed ashore. Lord Byron, Lee Hunt and E.Dzh.Treloni 13 August solemnly burned at the stake body of Shelley and Williams. At the beginning of 1823 Shelley's ashes were buried at the Protestant Cemetery in Rome, near the grave of the buried shortly before D. Kitts.