James is William

Born: 11 January 1842.

Died: August 16, 1910.

The American philosopher and psychologist, one of the founders of pragmatism and functional psychology. Received medical and science education at Harvard University, USA and Germany. Professor of Philosophy (1885 - 1889) and psychology (1889 - 1907) at Harvard University. Organized (jointly with Mr.. Mц?nsterberg), first in the U.S. Laboratory of Applied Psychology (Harvard University, 1892).

Originally psychological attitudes have evolved in line with James's "psychology of consciousness" in. Wundt. However, in his first major work ( "Principles of Psychology", . 1890) he opposed the atomism of the classical association of psychology and developed the idea of consciousness as a "flow" continuously successive holistic individual mental states, . from which isolates the individual person, groups of sensory elements ", . components and then its "real world",
. James considered the consciousness in terms of its "functional" value of human life, as an instrument of biological adaptation of the individual. In this regard, he assigned the important role of instincts and emotions, the physiological characteristics of individual rights.

Developed in a chapter of psychology, theory of personality had a decisive influence on the formation of the American personology. Many of the themes identified here James, were picked up by the scientific psychology of personality and are currently intensively investigated in the study "the image of itself", "self", "self". Others are a starting point in developing such aspects of personality that are revealed by its own consciousness. The emotional life of the individual, its meaning of education, her life's problems, prospects and other issues become important psychological studies of personality.

James includes a person, along with "I'm clean," and "empirical self, which is not only what a man thinks himself, but also all that he can feels: his home, loved ones, their business reputation and t. n. In relation to all this person is experiencing the same feelings as respect for oneself. loss of reputation is felt as the loss of the self. Most logic James discussed issues forced him to go beyond the individual human consciousness. Clearly, however, that in the framework of traditional psychology, consciousness raised by James problem could not get an adequate solution.

Widely launched in 1884. theory of emotions. Number of interesting works of James is dedicated to the scientific and psychological analysis of religion.

Compositions:

Scientific basis of psychology, St. Petersburg., 1902;
Pragmatism. Publishing. 2-e. Spb., 1910;
The variety of religious experience. , 1910;
Does soznanieN - in the book.: New Ideas in Philosophy, No. 4. Spb., 1913.