Charles Edouard Guillaume (Guillaume, Charles Edouard)

(1861-1938)
Born February 15, 1861 at Fleury (Switzerland). In 1882 he graduated from the Zurich Polytechnic Institute. In 1883 he worked at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Sevres. Conducted research in the field of metrology. Received a new, high-precision value of 1 kg of water, investigated the nature of the error of mercury thermometers and proposed consequential amendments. Participated in the works to create platinum-iridium standard meter. In 1890 he began studying alloys of nickel and iron, . created Invar (an alloy, . Almost is not in the linear expansion when heated), . elinvar (retaining elasticity in a wide range of temperatures) and other alloys, . used in precise instrument, . Metrology, . Geodesy,
. For the development of alloys, have found wide application in precision engineering, was awarded the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physics. William died in Sevres (France) 13 June 1938.