David Lloyd George (Lloyd George David)

(1863-1945)
Born in Manchester on Jan. 17, 1863, his father, a headmaster in Wales, died when David was 3 years old, and the family (mother and two sons) helped the mother's brother, a Baptist pastor, Richard Lloyd, from North Wales. David, who wanted a legal career, an internship in one of the offices in Portmadoke. Taking an active part in local politics in 1890 was elected to the Liberals in the House of Commons on the county Carnarvon in north-west Wales. Lloyd George soon became known for vigorous attack on the Conservatives and for defending Nonconformists Wales and nationalists. During the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 sharply criticized the policy of Great Britain, resulting in some attributed to him proburskuyu position, while others called a supporter of 'low-England'. In the eyes of public opinion, he looked strong supporter of action and a man capable of assuming decision-making. In 1905-1908, Lloyd George was a trade minister in the cabinet G.Kempbell-Bannerman, and in 1908 took over as finance minister in the government of H. Asquith. In 1909 he introduced his famous 'people' budget, establish higher taxes on luxury items, income and vacant land landlords. Lloyd George made a brilliant speech in defense budget, harshly criticized the Conservatives, but in a speech at the London Docklands area Laymhausskom attacked the conservatives and the wealthy sections of society. The House of Commons adopted the budget was defeated by the Conservative majority in the House of Lords. When in 1910 the Liberal government received support in the elections, the budget was finally adopted. The adoption of the budget followed the law on social reform, the Bill of Home Rule for Ireland, was significantly restricted the right to 'veto', which had the House of Lords (1911). In 1911 Lloyd George met State Insurance Act, which gave the right to security of illness and disability, as well as the Law on Unemployment Insurance. Both were subjected to severe criticism, but rather helped England in the difficult postwar years
. When the outbreak of the First World War, . Lloyd George, another year has remained the Minister of Finance, . however, . which revealed a lack of supply of military arms, . and in May 1915 the cabinet was reorganized into the first coalition government, . He became head of the newly established Ministry of arms,
. Despite the advances in this post, Lloyd George was not satisfied with the way military operations were. In late 1915 he became an ardent advocate of universal conscription, and in 1916 he held a law on conscription. In June, after the death of Kitchener, was appointed minister of war. The fall of Romania's intensified dissatisfaction with Lloyd George's course of military action and adopted a strategy that has found expression in his proposal to reorganize the cabinet. Following the resignation of Asquith December 5, 1916 Lloyd George became prime minister in a coalition government, while many liberals refused to support the cabinet and resigned, along with former Prime Minister. Educated Lloyd George a small military committee of five members, a kind of 'cabinet in the office', has made significant acceleration of operational decision-making. In addition, trying to influence the change in strategy, Lloyd George sought to create a unified military command of the Allied forces that have been implemented only in April 1918. Unified Command, as well as the arrival of American units of several previously appointed time played a significant role in the successful conclusion of the war.

Before the Paris Peace Conference, 1919-1920 Lloyd George has strengthened its position by winning in a so-called. 'khaki-election' (with the participation of military personnel) in December 1918 in an atmosphere of bitterness and hero worship, characteristic of the last period of the war. Treaty of Versailles was signed by Lloyd George, Woodrow Wilson and Georges Clemenceau in 1919, the negotiations Lloyd George showed restraint and pliability. In 1919-1922 the popularity of the government has gradually reduced: passed a series of strikes, including the railway, budgetary spending caused outrage and criticism of the conservative, stringent cost-saving measures - dissatisfaction with radicals. Remained deplorable situation in Ireland, and at the same time, few people are suited treaty of 1921, provides most of Ireland dominion status.

Despite all the dissatisfaction with the Conservatives to defeat Lloyd George led praval foreign policy. Proved unsuccessful progrecheskaya policy: in 1922 Turkey won the war, but barely Chanaksky incident without involving England in a war. In October 1922, Lloyd George was forced to resign. Prime Minister Bonar Law became. Activities of Lloyd George as leader of the opposition (1926-1931) can not be called successful. This is partly due to the gradual demise of the Liberal Party, partly dislike askvitovskih liberals to Lloyd George, and partly to the fact that the program of the liberals concerning the benefits and reforms, was intercepted by the Labor Party.

Nevertheless, during the economic crisis of 1930 Lloyd George was the only political leader to put forward fresh ideas on measures to combat unemployment. In foreign policy, he supported the policy of appeasement of the Axis Powers. Lloyd George twice refused to enter into Churchill's War Cabinet. In 1944 he was awarded the title of the first Earl Lloyd George Dvayforskogo. Among his works - Military memoirs (War Memoirs, 1933-1936); truth about the peace treaties (The Truth About the Peace Treaties, 1938). Lloyd George died in the town near Taynvid Llanstamday (County of Carnarvon, North Wales) 26 March 1945.