TURNER, Joseph Mallord William (Turner Joseph Mallord William)

(1775-1851)
Most of all, known for his later paintings in which the outlines of objects are dissolved in the element of light and color. Abstractness scenic characteristics, . be translated in such works, . as rain, . steam and speed (London, . National Gallery), . was totally new quality in the art of this time, . to some extent anticipating not only the search of French Impressionists, . and artistic achievements of the masters of abstract art,
. Turner was born April 23, 1775 in London. Receiving primary education, he devoted himself entirely to the arts and in 1789 entered the school at the Royal Academy of Arts. In 1802 he was elected a member of the Academy, and in 1808 became a teacher of painting. The artist traveled extensively, especially in Italy.
Learning from a master of architectural and topographical picture of Thomas Malton (the Younger) and the study of works by prominent landscape 17. had a decisive influence on the concept of landscape in Turner. He overcame the framework descriptive and passion for antiquities and the image transformed landscape in a way to express romantic feelings. This was manifested most clearly in the hundreds of watercolors created them, where the image space is full of light and air. Receptions images of different states of light and medium were then transferred into an oil painting. In 1807, Turner began widely known series of 70 etchings, made in the technique of etching and mezzotint for publication, known as Liber Studiorum. Take on this work, which lasted until 1820, prompting his admiration for the master collection of engravings of drawings by Claude Lorrain's Liber Veritatis. Turner died in Chelsea on Dec. 19, 1851.

He bequeathed his paintings ( 'Heritage Turner'), the National Gallery in London, provided that the two of them will be exhibited along with works by Claude Lorrain, and the remaining one hundred and small - in 'Turner's Gallery'. In 1897 the majority of the artist's paintings were transferred to the Tate gallery. With the assistance of the latter started the construction of the adjacent gallery Clore, specially designed to accommodate the works of Turner. Clore Gallery was opened to the public in 1987.