Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich (13.11.1887, Moscow - 26/1/1943, Saratov). biology, genetics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1929), Academician of Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1929),. The son of a businessman, the brother of SI. Vavilov. Educated at the Moscow Agricultural Institute (191 1). Since 1911, Professor, since 1917 Professor at Saratov University. In 1921 the director of the Botanical Institute, who in 1924 transformed into the Institute rastenievedeniya. Founder of genetics. Became a world authority in his field, a member of many foreign scientific societies. In 1929-35 the organizer and first president of Agricultural Sciences. In 1931 - 40 President of the All-Union Geographical Society. In 1935-40, Vice-President of Agricultural Sciences. Opposed the dominance of Lysenko and "Lysenko" in Soviet science. What was removed from all posts (although the Academy of Sciences refused to exclude him from their ranks) and in August. 1,940 arrested and sent to camps in the Kolyma. Died in prison. He was posthumously rehabilitated. Under the direction of the institution has got its name. established the gold medal of his name for outstanding achievements in agriculture.

To use material from the book.: Zaleski KA. Stalin's empire. Biographical Encyclopedic Dictionary. Moscow, Veche, 2000


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Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich (1887, Moscow - 1943, Saratov) - scientist, agronomist, geneticist, biologist and explorer, Rod. a large family of merchants. In 1906 he graduated from Moscow. Commercial uch-School, but not feeling the inclination to continue his father's affairs, went to Moscow. St. X. Institute, where he taught by outstanding scholars: KA. Timiryazev D.N. Pryanishnikov, V.R. Williams and others. Here in. directed the student circles, showing exceptional ability in science. As a student, in 1910 he published his first scientific paper "Naked slugs (snails), damaging fields and gardens in Moscow Province, which received the prize. After graduating in 1911 in-t, it was left to prepare for a professorship and worked at the Department of private farming, while working at the selection station. In 1913 was sent on a mission to England, where he studied the immunity of cereals, a few months he studied in France and Germany. Back in 1914, completed his thesis "The immunity of plants to infectious diseases". In 1916 he undertook his first expedition to Iran and the Pamirs, where he found a wide range of variability of wheat. In 1917 in. was elected Professor of Agronomy Faculty of Saratov Zap. October roar. he had, already renowned scientists work to-cerned for the immunity of cultivated plants are of great theoretical and practical interest. In 1921, despite the impact of World War I and civil war,. started to create the world collection of cultivated plants. He managed to get and move to Russia, the rich collections of cultivated plants in the U.S.. Personal contact. with scientists contributed to obtaining the latest literature and seed. Obsessed by a passion for search, he organized many expeditions and toured 52 countries, making it the largest geographer-explorer. Established a collection of cultivated plants by 1940 reached 200 thousand. samples. V. often used the expression "to comb the earth", ie. engage in agriculture is better, more perfect. But the main thing for him was different: "In the past into the foreground impact on the environment: caring for land, fertilizer, tillage, in short, it is the ground-delie. But our main goal is different: in the plant, Delia, in plant. And it can reach another. By influencing not only the land but also on the plant itself, on its nature. Flavor varieties to improve them through the selection, hybridization, introduction to the culture of new plants ". V. received new kinds of potatoes, corn, citrus ... It is difficult to culture, to improve the swarm-In. not paid attention to. He developed the new science: breeding - sortovedeniya science and genetics - the science of the laws of heredity and variation. Gathered around him a team of enthusiastic scientists, in. prepared the conditions for the establishment of the All-Union Inst of Plant Industry (VIR). V. was president of the All-Union Geographical Society and a member of many foreign scientific societies. In addition to VIR. In-headed tom Experimental Agronomy and the Institute of Genetics, USSR Academy of Sciences that. He became an academician and first President of the Lenin Academy of St.-x. Science. Scientist with a worldwide reputation, recently brought to his life to feed mankind, has become one of the millions of victims of Stalinist totalitarianism. Arrested in 1940, in. was sentenced to 15 years for sabotage in agriculture ". Died in prison. He was rehabilitated posthumously in 1955.