Hermann Joseph Muller

G. Muller (in other transcription Muller) was a remarkable person. While a student he got scholarships to Columbia University, a leading center of genetic research. In 1910 he graduated with honors and began experimental physiology in a medical college in Korrnelskom University in New York. When you become Master of Science in Physiology, he wrote to work on the transmission of nerve impulses. In his doctoral dissertation (1916), studying the chromosomal heredity, the fruit fly Drosophila, Muller proved that the four groups of connected genes corresponding to four chromosomes in the nuclei of Drosophila. In 1920, Muller and Altenburg spend the first change in rates of mutation and come to the conclusion that the mutations are at a constant speed, regardless of the need for them. Assuming that environmental factors, such as X-rays, should provide the genetic effect, Muller discovers that they increase the rate of mutations in hundreds or thousands of times compared with the norm. The discovery in 1927 caused a sensation. In 1946, for an experimental proof of the possibility of mutation under the influence of X-rays Muller won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.