Kaufman Alexander Arkadevich

Born in 1864. He graduated from the Faculty of St. Petersburg University. In 1887 - 1894 years on behalf of the Ministry of State Property, engaged in the research of land use and management of peasant settlers in the old-timers and Siberia. Since 1894. worked on the land organization of peasants in Siberia, and later in other suburbs, and the withdrawal of land displaced. Spring 1905. participated in the agrarian Zemstvo meeting and the drafting of the agrarian program of the Party Constitutional Democratic. Before 1907. worked in the Constitutional Democratic Party, mainly on the land issue. In 1906, Mr.. provided for the master's degree in political-economy thesis "The migration and colonization, received his doctorate. Contains a professor of statistics at the St. Petersburg University for Women, which organized the statistical seminaries. Separately issued: "Materials for the study of economic life of the state peasants of Western Siberia" (7 edition), "Peasant land use and farming in Tobolsk and Tomsk Provinces" (1889 - 1894), "The economic situation of immigrants, . Settled on the public lands of the Tomsk province "(3 Volume, . 1895 - 1896), "Settlers tenant Turgai" (1897), 8 volumes of travel records, . on issues of colonization capacity and organization zemleotvodnogo affairs in various outlying areas (1896 - 1903), "Essay on the work of Education Migrant plots" (1900), "The peasant commune in Siberia" (1898), "Resettlement and Colonization" (1905); " According to new places "(1905)," The Russian community in the process of nucleation and growth "(1908)," Theory and Methods of Statistics "(2 nd ed., . 1912; German Recycling: "Theorie und Methoden der Statistik", . 1913), "The Agrarian Question (1907 - 8);" Forms of the economy in their historical development "(1909)," Statistics, . its methods and importance for the social sciences "(1911),
. In his writings on the community Kaufman conducts thought, . that community-pig forms - not the product of any external influence, . a result of natural evolution, . engine which is the land "oppression"; community, . as an organized union, . not create these forms, . and composed herself with them,
. According to Kaufman, the community is compatible with economic progress, but it is far from its populist idealization. In the matter of resettlement Kaufman formulated and developed the theory of relative shortage of land, arising from the crisis of the economic system as the main causes of displacement. Criticizing the official lighting of the resettlement policy, Kaufman argues that the relocation - not a drastic measure, but only a weak palliative, not eliminate the urgent need for cultural and economic progress. No practically conceivable expansion of peasant land tenure can not, according to Kaufman, a radically improve the situation of the peasants, it is attainable only through the intensification of farming. In statistics Kaufman is struggling against the outmoded patterns of school methodology and seeks to use to process the rich experience of the Russian statistics, in whose creation he participated and his Siberian research.