Giordano Bruno (Bruno Giordano)

(1548-1600)
Born in the village near the city of Nola near Naples in 1548. He studied at the convent school in Naples, where in 1565, joined the Dominican order, became a monk, in 1572 became the priest. Self-education, imbued with atheistic views. In 1756 was accused of heresy, broke with monasticism and fled first to Rome, and then outside of Italy moved from town to town, was engaged in lecturing and writing numerous works. From 1579 he lived in France, lectured on astronomy at the University of Paris and Toulouse. In 1583 he moved to England in 1585 moved to Germany, where he traveled to different cities, promoting their worldview. In 1592 after being denounced by the Venetian patrician Giovanni Mocenigo who invited him to Venice, was tried Inquisition. Bruno was arrested against him was launched investigation - first in Venice, and in 1593, after the issuance of Bruno the Venetian State in Rome. He faced numerous accusations of blasphemy, immoral behavior and heretical views in the field of dogmatic theology, were also condemned some of his philosophical and cosmological ideas. Bruno has refused to recognize false principal of his theories, and by order of Clement VIII, was sentenced to death and then burned at the stake on the area of Campo di Fiore in Rome on February 17, 1600.
Among the early works of Bruno - a comedy in Italian Candlestick (Il Candelaio, 1582) and several treatises on theories of Ramon Llull about art mechanical thinking and memory ( 'great art'). The most important works of this period are the dialogues in Italian, written in England, and poems in Latin, written in Germany. His metaphysical theory is described in The Origin, . early and uniform (De la causa, . principio e uno, . 1584), . in which he argues, . that God (the Infinite) includes or combines all the attributes, . while private phenomena are nothing, . as a concrete manifestation of one infinite principle,
. A single universal matter and universal form of single, or soul, are the immediate origins of all the individual things. Cosmology Bruno described in his work On the infinity of the universe and worlds (De l'infinito, universo e mondi, 1584). In this work he refuted the traditional Aristotelian cosmology and argues that the physical universe is infinite and contains an infinite number of worlds, each of which is a sun and several planets. Thus, the Earth is just a small star among other stars in the infinite universe.

Metaphysics of Bruno is the link between the views of Nicholas of Cusa and Spinoza, and she also had a direct impact on the German classical idealism. In his cosmology, Bruno should Lucretia and Copernicus, but displays a Copernican system much more drastic consequences than its author. More than any other Italian philosopher of that time, Bruno deserves the name of the predecessor, if not the founder of modern science and philosophy. His ideas and work on the show more courage and imagination than about the accuracy and caution in the conclusions, but the coincidence of his submissions with later scientific and philosophical theories remarkably

. Among other important works of Bruno - Feast on the ashes (Cena de le leneri, . 1584); expulsion of the triumphant beast (Spaccio de la bestia trionfante, . 1584); Secret Pegasus (Cabala del cavallo Pegaseo, . 1585); the tragic enthusiasm (Degli eroici furori, . 1585), 120 articles on nature and the universe against peripatetics (Centum et viginti articuli de natura et mundo adversus Peripateticos, . 1586), 160 articles (Articuli centum et sexaginta, . 1588), the triple and the minimum dimension (De triplici minimo et mensuro, . 1589); O monad, . number and shape (De monade, . numero et figura, . 1589); About measureless and countless (De immenso, . innumerabilibus et infigurabilibus, . 1589).,