Euclid (Eukleides)

Euclid; Eukleides, IV / III in. BC. e., Greek mathematician. He worked in Alexandria at the time of Ptolemy I (323-282 gg. BC. e.). Its main product of the element geometry (Stoicheia geometrias) in 13 books is a systematic exposition of contemporary mathematical knowledge from the field of plane geometry, solid geometry, and some of the problems of arithmetic (number theory). His work has supplanted the works of his predecessors (Hippocrates of Chios, Leon, Fevdiya). Comments on the Elements of Geometry were Heron, Proclus, Pappus. Elements E. thanks to the clarity of terminology and language of mathematical formulas, not tlko used as a textbook of geometry throughout antiquity, but were still in the XIX century. Geometric problems affect besides data (Dedomena), erroneous conclusions (Psuedaria), Conclusions (Porismata). Of the other works E. still preserved elements of astronomy (Fainomena), Optics (Ta optika) and an essay on the theory of music, cited by Latin name Sectio canonis.