JENGHIZ KHAN

(1162-1227)
According to legend, born of Chingiz goes back to the Mongol tribe, one coming from a woman named Alan-Goa, which after the death of her husband, Dobun-Bayan, pregnant by a beam of light. From it came three sons: those who belong to the genus of these sons, called nirun. Meaning of this word - loins, t. e. indication of the purity of loins origin of these states sons from a supernatural light. In the sixth lap of Alan-Goa was a direct descendant of the Kabul-khan. From the grandson of the last Yisugei-Bahadur went to those who received the name Kiyat-burdzhigin. Word Kiyan in Mongolian means "big stream flowing from the mountains to the lowlands, turbulent, fast and strong".
Kiyat - plural of Kiyan: they also called those who are closer to the kind. Children Yisugei-called Bahadur Kiyat-burdzhiginy for the fact that they were simultaneously Kiyat and burdzhiginy. Burdzhigin same in Turkic means a person who has blue eyes. Color of his skin falls into zheltizku. Courage burdzhiginov became a proverb.
Son Yisugei-Bahadur Genghis Khan was born in 1162, Mr.. (other, more questionable data, 1155) From the early years, left 10 years from the kind of an orphan, he endured many hardships, vicissitudes. But since his youth he learned to understand people and to find reliable people. Bogorchin Noyon and Boragul Noyon, . who were with him during the years of defeat, . When does thinking about searching for food, . how much value they were, . he once said: "Let there be no sorrow and no need, . to die Bogorchi! Let there be no sorrow and no good, . to die Boragul! "Sorkan-Shir tribe Tayichi'ut, . which captured Genghis Khan, . contributed to escape from captivity, . subsequently received full honor and respect to his person, . children and supporters,
. Son Sorkin - Shire Dzhiladkan-Bahadur, referring to his courage, Genghis Khan has devoted almost poetic lines:
. "I have not seen on foot, which would immediately and acquired in their hands the head of unruly, I have not seen the (human), like this hero!"
. Sorkak was a man called the father of Chingiz
. While, . when Genghis was not yet Emperor, . He said: Many people want power, . but in the end will be headed by Temujin and behind him on the unanimity of the tribes confirm the kingdom, . because he has to ability and merit and on his forehead are conspicuous,
. Obvious signs of heaven vsepomoschestvovaniya and regal prowess. The words proved prophetic. Extreme sensitivity is the ratio of Chingiz to the first and beloved wife Borte. He suffered no man to doubt her chastity after a year of its stay in captivity. From the relations of personal devotion shaped model of vassalage, which he subsequently erected in the system. Personal qualities of Genghis Khan, with all their originality fit into the age-old characters, and in the age-old motifs, . who have lived hitherto policy: the desire to impress his indisputable leadership, . Path (sometimes heavy) move to the upper power through treachery and devotion, . through hatred and love, . through betrayal and friendship, . ability to assess situations and make decisions, . bringing success,
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Successive line of Genghis Khan carried over the centuries of its direct and indirect descendants - Chingizid in the vast Asian region. There is a certain identity of family traits in the Genghisides in general, and those that had emerged as the leaders of the consolidation and the formation of a unified Kazakh statehood. From the firstborn Chinhiz Khan Juchi in the sixteenth degree, we have the famous Ablai, his grandson Kenesary. Grandson of the last Azimhan (1867-1937) enjoyed great respect for people.
In the life of Genghis Khan are two main. phases: a period of unification of all Mongol tribes into one state and the period of conquest and the establishment of a great empire. The boundary between them is marked symbolically. Originally his name Tengrin Ogyugsen Temujin. At kurultai in 1206, Mr.. he was proclaimed divine by Genghis Khan, his full name in Mongolian was Delkyan ezen Sutu Bogda Genghis Khan, T. e. Lord of the world, revealed by God Genghis Khan.
In European historiography has long dominated tradition portray Genghis Khan as a bloodthirsty despot, and Barbara. Indeed, he had not received education and was illiterate. But the mere fact that he and his heirs of the empire, . merged on 4 / 5 of the Old World, . from the mouths of the Danube, . borders Hungary, . Poland, . Novgorod the Great to the Pacific Ocean, . and from the Arctic Ocean to the Adriatic Sea, . Arabian Desert, . Himalayas and India suggests at least about him as a brilliant commander and administrator, calculating, . not just conquering destroyer and terrorists,
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As a conqueror he has no equal in world history. He has been characterized as a commander courage strategic plans, deep vision of political and diplomatic settlement. Exploration, including economic, organization courier services on a large scale for military and administrative purposes - this is his personal discovery. In a reappraisal of Genghis Khan's movement has played a significant role, called the Eurasian. With respect to Genghis Khan Eurasians abandoned the concept of "Tatar yoke", . is connected with the ideas of Russia-Eurasia as a special historical and cultural region, . is dissimilar to Western Europe, . Middle East or China, . Russia as the successor of the Mongol Empire XIII-XIV centuries,
. The second idea Eurasians - this explanation for the sharp increase in the activity of the Mongol tribes in the Trans-Baikal under Genghis Khan specific feature - passionarnostju. Man with passionarnostju, obsessed insuperable desire to work for the sake of an abstract ideal, a distant goal, to achieve a Passionary victim not only the life of others, but also their own. Observed periods of sharp increase in the number of passionarians ethnos compared with the townsfolk. In the terminology of Genghis Khan is the "will of the people long, for which the honor and dignity of the most valuable, well-being and even life itself. They are opposed by those that appreciate the safety and well-being above their personal dignity and honor.
Established network of lines of communications, which opened unprecedented access to government and private sector needs, and ensured that trade and cultural exchange within the empire. Genghis Khan wanted trade to deliver such facilities that could be all over his empire to wear gold on their heads as ordinary vessels, without fear of looting and harassment.
On his attention to the personnel policy facts show respect for the bearers of technology and culture, taking care of their children, the involvement of a descendant of the house Kidane Elyuy Chu-cai to service. This philosopher and astrologer, was in charge of administration, finance, Office of the empire. Marco Polo, among the noble characteristics of Genghis Khan said that he did not violate the rights of property in the conquered countries.
A key component of the spiritual heritage of Genghis Khan is composed of a set of laws, perfect for its time, so-called Yasa. He elevated the cult written law, has been solid supporters of the rule of law.
The most important basis for statehood in addition to strictly observe the law of Genghis Khan, regarded as a religious.
Genghis Khan died in 1227, Mr.. and buried in the ground Purkash-Kaе?duny (now this place is not identified). According to legend, once in the area under the canopy of green tree of Genghis Khan, having experienced "a kind of inner joy," said approximate: "The place of our last home to be here"
. Vernadsky's idea that the legacy of Genghis Khan has a "great world-historic significance" by which "the peoples of different, often very high culture, were able to influence each other."
. Stressing the single-mindedness of personal qualities of Genghis Khan, . not worth as opposed to tradition, . portraying him as a brutal conqueror, . gloss over the political shape of Temujin, . and perceive it in all its multi-dimensional features, . as positive, . and negative,
. Like any conqueror, he fought, . hence, . destroyed, . destroyed, . beggared, . rob, . but at the same time attracted to his side defeated, . tried on several occasions to exercise thrift, . caution, . concern about the future and the strength of their gains,
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Chingizizm - a concept which found it necessary to put into historical science researcher at the Kazakhstan. Yudin. Under it meant not only that certain practical traditions, including traditions of succession of military science for a long time continued to operate on the conquered by him and his descendants of the large territory. This refers to something else - namely, ideology, and, moreover, is so powerful that it could seal a large scale and for a long time what can be called geopolitical legacy of Genghis Khan.
This ideology. P. Yudin called worldview, ideology, philosophy, the sanction of the social system and structure of social institutions, political and legal system, culturological doctrine, the basis of education, a means of regulating behavior in society.