Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (Hertz Heinrich Rudolf)

(1857-1894)
Born February 22, 1857 in Hamburg. He studied at the Higher Technical School in Dresden, Munich, and then to the University of Berlin, after which in 1880 defended his doctoral dissertation and became assistant GM Helmholtz. Over three years in Berlin, has published 15 articles on various topics - from electromagnetism to the hardness of materials and the evaporation of liquids. In 1883 became an assistant professor Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Kiel. In 1885-1889 - professor at the Higher Technical School in Karlsruhe, since 1889 - Professor of Physics at the University of Bonn, the successor of R. Clausius. The main work of Hertz are in the area of electrodynamics, the interest which came to him under the influence of Helmholtz. Ability to deal with it appeared with him in Karlsruhe in 1886, which proved to be suitable for experimental devices. But even in Kiel Hertz wrote a theoretical article on the electrodynamics of Maxwell, and was well prepared for work in this area. In 1887 he proposed a successful design of the generator of electromagnetic waves (Hertzian dipole) and the method of detection (resonator Hertz). Watching the reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction and polarization of electromagnetic waves, showed them the identity of the radiation predicted by Maxwell. Found that the speed of propagation of electromagnetic waves in air is equal to the speed of light. Developing the theory of Maxwell's equations of electrodynamics, he gave a symmetrical form that revealed the full relationship between the electric and magnetic phenomena (Maxwell's electrodynamics - Hertz). In 1887, first observed by photoemission, investigating the influence of UV rays on the electrical discharge; studied the properties of cathode rays. Hertz's work in the field of electrodynamics served as the basis for the establishment of wireless telegraphy, radio and television. In the name of the Hertz unit of frequency oscillations called. Hertz died in Bonn on January 1, 1894.