Oscar Wilde (Wilde Oscar)

(1854-1900)
Oscar Fingal O'Flaherty Wills Wilde was born in Dublin on October 18, 1854. In 17 years enrolled in Trinity College Dublin, subsequently, as scholar, determined in Modlin's College at Oxford University, where he studied for four years. At the same time experienced a strong passion for the ideas of Ruskin and William J. Patera. In 1878 he moved to London.
In 1881 he published Poems (Poems), inspired by the poetry of Keats and D. A. Swinburne, and wrote a melodrama Vera, or the Nihilists (Vera, or nihilists). Wasted little inheritance, . father left, . in need of money Wilde accepted the invitation to lecture in the U.S.: there is a mad success of the opera W. Gilbert and A. Sullivan Patience, . where under the name of the poet Bantorna launched Wilde, . promised popularity Great Esthete,
. Honoraria from lectures enough to live in Paris, where he wrote a poetic tragedy Paduanskaya Duchess (The Duchess of Padua, 1883). After a lecture tour of Britain Wilde married Constance Lloyd Irish, edited the magazine 'Women's World' and wrote an essay that he published in the collection's plans (Intentions, 1891). At the same time written two volumes of fairy tales, The Happy Prince (The Happy Prince, 1888) and Pomegranate House (A House of Pomegranates, 1891) and a collection of crime stories of Lord Arthur Sevila (Lord Arthur's Savile's Crime, 1891). By request of the American publisher Wilde wrote the novel caused a heated debate Portrait of Dorian Gray (The Picture of Dorian Gray, . 1890), . and appeared the following year an essay soul of a man under socialism (The Soul of Man Under Socialism) shocked aristocrats, . in whose homes the writer was a welcome guest,
.

Incomparable gift of witty man of his time Wilde revealed in Pestryaev jokes comedy Lady Windermere Fan (Lady Windermere's Fan, 1892), which had great success. The next play, Wilde, written in French, Salome (Salom, 1893), was going to put in London Sarah Bernhardt, but intervened censure and restrictions setting on the grounds that the heroes of the play - Biblical characters. Wilde threatened to renounce British citizenship and changed his mind only after the overwhelming success of its second comedy called Woman, not worth mentioning (A Woman of No Importance, 1893) directed by G. Birboma Three.

Placed in the first week of 1895 on the third play Wilde contemporary theme, An Ideal Husband (An Ideal Husband), also had great success. Six weeks later, followed by staging The Importance of Being Earnest (The Importance of Being Earnest). This piece would have brought the author a huge commercial success, . He has not filed in court for reckless Marquis Kvinsberri, . accusing him of libel: Marquis, . infuriated the influence of Wilde on his son, . Lord Alfred Douglas, . left the club playwright his card with a postscript, . containing the assumption, . that Wilde - gay,
. Quickly found witnesses and false witnesses. Lawsuit Wilde declared invalid, as the writer himself was arrested twice tried, convicted and sentenced to two years hard labor.

Wilde was released in 1897. A time he lived in a villa in Bernevale Bourget, near Dieppe, where he wrote his last work, Ballad of Reading Jail (The Ballad of Reading Gaol, 1898). Even in prison he wrote a prose apologia De Profundis (publ. posthumously in 1905). Wilde died in Paris on November 30, 1900.

Today, Oscar Wilde remembered above all as a unique personality, a great master of paradox. From the works of Wilde in the world literature will be three dialogue Zamyslov, . where great, . if somewhat pretentious, . described the author's credo, soul man .., . one of the most remarkable essay in English, . which now sees the manifesto of individualism, and the Importance of Being Earnest, . striking example of the satirical 'nonsense', . the clearest example of his creativity.,