Dmitriev-Mamonov Matthew A.

(1790 - 1863). He received education at home. He served in the Moscow Senate. In 1812, Mr.. Dmitriev-Mamonov formed at its own expense cavalry regiment, and was promoted to major general and appointed chief of the regiment. Distinguished in the battles of Tarutino and Maloyaroslavets. In 1814, Mr.. Dmitriev-Mamonov was with the regiment abroad and here, because, apparently, some clashes with the local population in the Grand Duchy of Baden, the regiment Dmitrieva-Mamonov was, by order of Emperor Alexander I, dissolved. Back in Moscow, Dmitriev-Mamonov joined the vast "mug dissatisfied". Having become acquainted with M.F. Orloff and becoming a member of the French Masonic lodge, he and Orloff planned to establish a Russian Order of the Knights Cross. In prepared Dmitriev-Mamonov program entitled: "Items taught in the inner teachings of the Order", exhibited a requirement limiting the autocratic power through the Senate. Members of the Senate were to be a person, often having a right by virtue of its origin (200 hereditary magnates), partly elected by the nobility and the cities. Without the consent of the Senate, the emperor can not create new laws and repeal old, to levy taxes, declare war, conclude treaties, appoint to senior posts. Supposed abolition of serfdom, the introduction of "free publishing", the abolition of wine repurchase and salt monopoly, reducing the number of monasteries, the empowerment of soldiers land on superannuation. In 1816 - 1817 years Dmitriev-Mamonov was a new reform program, which is designed to establish a Popular Assembly of two chambers: the nobles and burghers. The Chamber consists of hereditary nobles and elected members (over 600 members). The lower house of up to 3000 people, elected from all classes, including agriculture. The project apparently involves a republican form of government, the monarchy does not mention. Orlov and Dmitriev-Mamonov made some steps to involve members of the Order of Russian organized by the Knights, but after learning of the existence of a secret society - the Union of Salvation "(cm. Decembrists) - abandoned their project. Past 40 years of life Dmitriev-Mamonov suffering mentally, he lived a very secluded in his estate near Moscow. - See. V. Semevskii "Political and social ideas of the Decembrists" (1909).