HOLLAND, John Philip (Holland John Philip)

(1840-1914)
Born February 29, 1840 in Liskanore (County Clare, Ireland). He was educated in schools and educational society 'Christian Brothers' in Ennistimone and Limerick, in 1858 worked as a teacher. In 1872 he emigrated to the United States, settled in Paterson (pc. New Jersey), a teacher. The idea of an underwater vessel originated in Holland in his youth: he believed that with the help of Ireland would be able to win over Britain in the future war for independence. Sketch of the first submarine in 1870, he performed. In 1879, finance the construction of the submarine group agreed to Irish emigrants from the Society of Fenian. The first battle-worthy submarine, called the 'Fenian SEM' ( 'Taran Fenians'), was launched in 1881, its length was 9.4 m, and there were already established all the basic principles of stability and controllability of modern submarines. In 1898, Holland received an order for the construction of the submarine from the U.S. Navy and in 1898 launched the 16-meter boat, 'Holland', . the first underwater vessel with gasoline internal combustion engine for a surface navigation and electric power from batteries to swim under water,
. In 1900 the U.S. Navy ordered 6 more of these boats, then the orders came from Britain, Russia and Japan. Holland died in Newark (pc. New Jersey) August 12, 1914.