Granville Stanley Hall

(1846 - 1924) - American psychologist, one of the founders of pedology, a supporter of Experimental Pedagogy. To investigate the child's mind X. widely distributed questionnaires, responding to a rye-children had to report their feelings (in particular, moral and religious), its relation to other people ( 'Youth', 1904). Methods questionnaires met sharp criticism since built on the recognition of the reliability of children's statements about themselves. Subsequently, the method of questionnaires was replaced by tests. In explaining the mental development of children X. relied on the biogenetic law, on the basis of-cerned in child and educational psychology introduced the principle of recapitulation (abbreviated repetition of the basic stages of human development). The formation of the psyche of children treated as a fatal transition from one phase of development of the human race to another. For example, the nature of children's games was due to expression and 'obsolete' hunting instincts of primitive man, and the games were considered a teenager playing lifestyle warlike tribes. From the application of biogenetic law to the psychology of children followed by deeply reactionary implications for educational practice, to the rye-and made X. He insisted in particular on the fact that children should be given the opportunity to pass through animistic, religious, etc.. stage in its development ( 'Problems of Education', 1911). Biologists-tion of consciousness, ignoring its social and historical determination and the decisive role of education reduces the scientific value of the work X.