VIVALDI Antonio

(1678-1741)
Italian composer, violinist, conductor and teacher. Studied under his father Dzhevan Battista Vivaldi-violinist cathedral of San Marco in Venice, may also have Dzh.Legrentsi. In 1703-25 a teacher, then director and conductor of the orchestra concerts, as well as Director (since 1713) women Conservatory 'Pieta' (in 1735 again was a long conductor). Composed music for numerous secular and spiritual concerts Conservatory. At the same time he wrote the opera for the theater in Venice (participated in their formulation). As violin virtuoso concerts in Italy, etc.. countries. In recent years, held in Vienna.

In the work of Vivaldi's highest peak reached concerto grosso. Building on the achievements of A. Corelli, Vivaldi concerto grosso set for Z-private cyclic form, the party identified virtuoso soloist. He created the genre of solo instrumental concerts, promoted the development of the virtuoso violin technique. Music style Vivaldi distinguished melody generosity, ambition, and exuberant sound, transparency orkaski letters, classical harmony, coupled with the emotional richness. Concerts Vivaldi served as models kontsertnrgo genre for many composers, in t. h. I. S. Bach (transcribed about 20 Vivaldi violin concertos for harpsichord and organ). Cycle 'Seasons' - one of the earliest examples of programmatic orchestral music. Vivaldi's significant contribution to the development of instrumentation (he used Gabo, horns, bassoons, etc.. tools as independent, but not duplicate). Tool concert Vivaldi was the stage in the formation of the classical symphony. In Siena established Italian Institute of Vivaldi (head F. Malipiero).

. Compositions:

. Opera (27) --
. including Roland - the supposed madman (Orlando fiato pozzo, . 1714, . Theater "Sant'Angelo", . Venice), . Nero, . become Caesar (Nerone fatto Cesare, . 1715, . ibid), . Coronation of Darius (L'incoronazione di Daria, . 1716, . ibid), . Fraud, . rejoicing in love (L'inganno trionfante in amore, . 1725, . ibid), . Farnache (1727, . ibid, . later also called Farnache, . ruler of Pontus), . Kunegonda (1727, . ibid), . Olympics (1734, . ibid), . Griselda (1735, . Theater "San Samuele", . Venice), . Aristide (1735, . ibid), . Oracle in Messenia (1738, . Theater "Sant'Angelo", . Venice), . Ferasp (1739, . ibid),

. oratorio -
. Moses, the god of Pharaoh (Moyses Deus Pharaonis, 1714), Judith Triumphant (Juditha Triumphans devicta Holo-fernis barbarie, 1716), The Adoration of the Magi (L'Adorazione delli tre Re Magi, 1722);

. secular cantatas (56) --
. including 37 for voice and basso continuo, 14 for voice with strings, orchestra big cantata Gloria and Hymen (1725);

. serenade for 1-4 vote,
. in the number of idle Seine (La Senna festeg-giante, 1729);

. cult music (about 55 pieces) --
. including Stabat Mater, motets, psalms, etc.;

. instrumental
. work -
. 76 sonatas (with basso continuo), . including 30 for violin, . 19 for 2 violins, . 10 for Cello, . 1 for violin and cello, . 2 for the lute and violin, . 2 for oboe; 465 concerts, . including 49 Concerto Grosso, . 331 for a single instrument with basso continuo (228 for violin, . 27 for Cello, . 6 for Viola d'amore, . 13 for the transverse, . 3 for the longitudinal flutes, . 12 for Oboe, . 38 for Bassoon, . 1 for mandolin) 38 for 2 instruments with basso continuo (25 for violin, . 2 for Cello, . 3 for violin and cello, . 2 for horns, . 1 for mandolin), . 32 for 3 or more instruments with basso continuo.,