PROUDHON Pierre Joseph (Proudhon Pierre Joseph)

(1809-1865)
Born January 15, 1809 in Besancon, in a working family. He studied at the local high school, at age 19 joined the city's printing. In 1837 published a pamphlet Experience universal grammar (Essai de grammaire gnrale). The following year received a scholarship to the Academy of Besancon, but nearly lost it after the publication in 1840 treatise What is Property? (Qu'est-ce que la proprit), which contained the famous reply: 'property - is theft'. Publication in 1842 of the treatise Caution owners (Avertissement aux propritaires) was the reason for his arrest and charges of the commitment of the revolutionary ideas. But Proudhon was released because the court has not been able to understand the essence of his argument. The most important political treatise Proudhon, which provide a rationale for his teaching, - System of Economic Contradictions or the Philosophy of Poverty (Systme des contradictions conomiques, ou philosophie de la misre, 1846).
In 1843-1847 Proudhon lived in Lyon, then moved to Paris, where he took an active part in the radical movement. He published the newspaper "representative of the people '(' Reprsentant du peuple '), then' the people '(' Le Peuple ') and' Voice of the people '(' La Voix du peuple '). Proudhon's attempt to create 'The People's Bank', which could provide non-reimbursable loans, soon collapsed. In 1849, on charges of incitement against the government, he was sentenced to three years in prison. Over time, Proudhon began to show less and less active in campaigning and controversy, and devoted himself to the development of philosophical and historical aspects of political reform. In 1858 came his work on justice in the revolution and in the church (De la justice dans la rvolution et dans l'glise), which provoked a storm of protest from the church and other institutions has been criticized. Proudhon was forced to seek refuge in Brussels. In 1860 he received a pardon under the amnesty, and in 1862 he returned to Paris. Proudhon died in Paris on January 19, 1865

. Among other important works of Proudhon - Principles of Political oranizatsii, . or Create a humane order (Principes d'organisation politique, . ou la cration de l'ordre dans l'humanit, . 1843), . Revolutionary ideas (Les Ides rvolutionnaires, . 1849), . War and Peace (La Guerre et la paix, . 1861), . On the political abilities of the working class (De la Capacit des classes ouvrires, . 1865).,